Cities Economies and COVID 19 Pandemic

An approach for robust economy and healthy lives in COVID World

This research aims to study the transmission dynamics of the coronavirus, the non-pharmaceutical factors that control the proliferation of the virus and suggest holistic solution set. The study explores the relationship between the transmission of the virus and various type of spaces in a city such as residential, retail, workplaces, public transport and recreational. The study also inspects the role of probability and psychological factors in shaping the pandemic.

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The research methodology of the book is based on a systematic review of most of the recent research papers related to the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and non-pharmaceutical preventive measures. The study inferred that the factors such as type of space, duration of stay, randomness and close contact play an important role in the spread of the virus in cities. At regional level, the factors such as housing overcrowding, urban densities, government response, weather condition play significant role in shaping the pandemic. The book suggest two approach to reduce the transmission rate in cities.
First, classifying and zoning of spaces in workplaces and public places can help us to avoid close contact between people and random movement of people. This study classifies office space into 5 zones in order to maintain 2m social distancing and 15 SQM minimum office space per person.

The study also develops a sustainable 24- Hour Economy model to stretch the working hours of most of economic activities to 24-Hour a day and 7 days a week. The concept of Staggered Work hour and Staggered Work days has been used to reduce daily and hourly trips. To develop a model, a case for London city has been presented. The modelling is done on the basis of hourly-trips data and economic activities’ workforce data for London city. The detail modeling shows 35-53% of public transport based trips can be effectively reduced in London during peak hours. And on average 40-50% occupancy of the office space can be reduced during working hours.

Outline of the Book

Chapter 1

The transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2

This chapter study and quantify the transmission dynamics of the virus. It particularly concentrate on detailed process of fomite, droplets and aerosols transmission to understand the transmission. The most recent scientific studies have been taken into consideration to analyze and drawing inferences.

Chapter 2

The limiting factors of SARS-CoV-2

This chapter focuses on all the non-pharmaceutical measures that can control the spread of the virus. Facemasks, disinfectants, hand washing and social distancing are suggested as primary preventive measures by most of the public health organizations to prevent the transmission of the virus. This chapter critically analyzes the efficacy of these measures against the transmission.

Chapter 3

Understanding the transmission in closed and open spaces

The space and time play very important role in the transmission of the virus. Some spaces reduce the transmission rate and some speed up the transmission rate. The space we use in our day to day life are homes, workplaces, retail, recreational and transportation. The various studies suggest the rate of the transmission varies in all these spaces.

Chapter 4

A 24-Hour of Economy Model

This chapter develops a 24-hour economy model to maximize the physical distancing in public transport and workplaces. It uses time-effective methods to stagger, segregate and expand economic activities and daily trips. The nature of economic activities within a city has been deeply studied with a case study of London city for a realistic modeling.

Chapter 5

Role of Probability

This chapter focuses on the uncertainties exist in the transmission of the virus. There is a lot of difference in transmission rates between the countries and some variations are still unclear. The role of probability has been analysed into three categories: local spatial factors, regional factors and sheer luck.

Chapter 6

Role of Psychology

This chapter discusses the psychological barriers such as sense of normalcy, behavioral change and psychology of persuasion, which let the people to ignore the preventive measures and authorities to mishandle the pandemic.

Cities Economies and COVID 19 Pandemic

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Outline of the Book

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